高二英语选修7第一单元Unit1livingwell第4――5课时导学案

详细内容

e an astronaut. 他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。
注意： 有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。 She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。
4。不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语。
Father likes to listen to music in silence.
父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。
可接不定式作宾语的动词有：
afford负担得起 agree 同意 aim以……为目标 ask 要求 attempt 尝试 begin 开始 care喜爱 choose决定 continue 继续 decide 决定 desire 要求 determine决心 expect 期待 fail不能 fet 忘记 hate不愿 hope 希望、 ntend 打算 manage设法 mean 打算
offer表示愿意 plan 计划 prefer 宁愿 pretend 假装 promise 答应 refuse 拒绝 remember记起 try努力 want 想要 wish希望
We had meant to stay there a week. 我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的。2．作介词的宾语 不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。 He had no choice but to sit there as usual. 他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。
There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我们只能耐心等待。5．作形容词的宾语 不定式作形容词的宾语有两种句型，一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，另一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。①句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。这类形容词有able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad, lucky, naughty, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised, willing等。
I am sorry to say that he is going from bad to worse. 很遗憾，他的情况每况愈下
She was not content to live a quiet life in a small town. 她不满足在一个小镇里过默默无闻的生活。 ②句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。这类形容词有easy, hard, cheap, expensive, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful等。
This problem is easy to solve. 这个问题很容易解决。
The water is not fit to drink. 这水不适于饮用。
She is hard to get along with. 她这个人很难相处。
注意：在这种结构中，如果不定式是不及物动词，则必须加上结构或含义所需的介词。
The river is dangerous to swim in. 在这条河里游泳很危险。
A spring mattress is fortable to sleep on. 席梦思床垫睡上去很舒服。
6．在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。
这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式（have没有被动语态）。
有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：
一感二听三让四观看。
一感：feel 二听：hear,listen to 三让：let,have,make 四观看：observe,see,watch.,look at
What would you have me do 你要我做什么？ She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。
7．动词advise, allow, ask, beg, mand, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等后面，多接不定式短语作宾语补足语。
We don't allow such things to happen again。我们不容许这种事情再发生。
Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.
大多数父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽烟。
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她请我在她不在的时候接电话。
Please remind me to leave her this note. 请提醒我留给她这张纸条。
She requested him to go with her. 她邀请他一同去。
8．动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。
I'm waiting for James to arrive. 我正等着詹姆斯的到来。
He's arranged for a car to pick them up at the station. 他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。
The UN has called on both sides to observe the ceasefire. 联合国号召交战双方遵守停火协定。 She has a child to take care of. 她有一个孩子要照看。
There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。
二、 动词不定式在句中的作用
1．表示目的
I'm saving up to buy a puter. 我在存钱买电脑。
To save the child, he laid down his life.
为了救那个孩子，他献出了生命。
注意：有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order (not) to do,和so as (not) to do结构（so as to do不可以置于句首）。
2．表示结果
He got to the station only to find the train had gone.
他赶到车站，发现火车已经开走了。
必背：不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。
1） so ... as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle 把你的自行车借给我好吗？
2） such ... as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。
3） enough to do He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。
4） only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。
5） too ... to do
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 她的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。
注意：too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased, happy, ready等，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。
The boy was too eager to get a geography book. 那个男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理书。
He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。 4．表示条件
A man would be blind not to see that. 一个人如果看不到这点，那他就是瞎子。
How can you catch the train to start so late 这么晚才动身，你怎么能赶上火车？
三、 动词不定式的几种常见结构
A． 不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的逻辑主语（即不定式动作的执行者）通常是句子的主语或宾语。如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，此时一般用“for + 名词（代词）+ 不定式”来构成不定式的复合结构，这种复合结构在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语。
This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry. 这个箱子让这个小男孩来搬太重了。
That's for you to decide. 那个由你来决定。
He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。
I have some books for you to read. 我有几本书送给你读
B．be + 不定式结构 “be + 不定式”结构可以表示将来发生的动作，常有以下两种情况：
1．表示命令和指示
The room is to be locked. 这房间要上锁。 You are not to stand here. 你不能站在这里。
2．表示计划或安排 What's to be done next 下一步该怎么办？
We are to begin the work next month. 我们安排下一个月开始这项工作。
C．疑问词 + 不定式结构
疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how, why后加动词不定式构成不定式短语，它在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 I don't know whether to go to the meeting or not. 我不知道要不要去开会。
When to visit the Palace Museum has not been decided yet. 何时参观故宫博物院还没有决定。
D．withwithout + 名词 + 不定式结构
“withwithout + 名词 + 不定式”结构在句子中通常起状语的作用。
With so much work to do, I shall not be able to go to the cinema with you. 有这么多工作要做，我不能和你去看电影了。
With him to stay in the house, I feel quite safe. 有他住在家里，我感到十分安全。
Without anything to eat, he died of hunger. 由于没有东西吃，他饿死了。
E．It is + 形容词 + for of sb + to do 结构
在“It is +形容词+ of sb +不定式”结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。在“It is +形容词+for sb +不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质，如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。
It's kind of you to think so much of us. 难为你这么为我们着想。(= You are kind to think so much of us.) 比较： It is good lf you to help me with my English. 你真好，帮助我学英语。（强调you 的特征＝You are good to help me.）
It is good for you to give up smoking. 戒烟对你有好处。（强调的是give up smoking 这一行为＝Fof you to give up smoking is good.）
F．用主动式表示被动含义的不定式
动词不定式在句中究竟用主动还是被动，有时比较复杂，主要有下面几种情况：
1．不定式做后置定语，和被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时。
Do you have anything to say on this question 针对这个问题你有什么要说的吗？
He is a pleasant person to work with. 他是一个与其合作起来令人感到愉快的人。
2．不定式作形容词的宾语，和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。
The book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。
The chair is fortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐起来很舒服。
3．There be结构中，当说话人考虑必须有人去完成某件事时。
There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 There is nothing to fear. 没有什么可害怕的。
比较： There is a lot of work to do.
有许多事情要做。（表示某人必须做这工作）
There is a lot of work to be done.
有许多事情要做。（强调有许多事情必须做）
She has two letters to type. 她有两封信要打。（自己打）
She has two letters to be typed. 她有两封信要打。（别人打）
I．表示虚拟语气的不定式完成式。
I hoped to have met him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他，但他未露面。
We would love to have gone to the match, but the tickets were all sold out. 我们原想去看这场比赛的，但票已售完了。
提示： 如果动词不定式是to be或to have，则一般不省。
--- Did you finish the work 你的工作完成了吗？
--- No, but I hoped to have. 没有，但我希望已经完成了。
be supposed to do应该做某事 be determined to do 决心要做某事
fail to do 未能做某事 go all out to do 全力以赴做某事
have the nerve to do 有胆量做某事have a great mind to do 很想做某事
make a point to do 坚持做某事 make up one's mind to do 决定做某
take the trouble to do 不辞辛苦地做某事
prepare oneself to do 有思想准备做某事
能力训练评价单
1. ---- Can you ride a horse?
---- No, I never had the chance ____.　　
A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how　　2. Paul said, "Give me a chair _____."
A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on
3. I ran too fast ______ where I was going.　　
A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice　　4. ---- Have you enjoyed your visit here?
---- Yes, I'll be very sorry______ .
A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving
5. ---- I'll help you whenever you need me.
---- Good. I'd like _____me tomorrow.
A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help　　6. ---- I didn't hear you e in last night.
---- That's good. We tried_____ noisy.
A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be
7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still ______　　 A. a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good place　　 C. a good place to live in D. living in as a good place
8. ---- Why was the official meeting called? ---- ______ new officers.　　 A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting
9. ---- Where did he go?
---- He went to another store ______.
A.to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils　　10. ---- My baby has a heart trouble.
---- Did the doctor find it difficult ______ ?
A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat
11. ---- Did the judge ask you many questions?
---- Yes, and ______.
A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult　　 C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering　　12. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday.
A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didn't eat D. to not have eaten　　13. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home.
　　 A. go B. to go C. going . D. went
14.That box is____.
A.too heavy for me to carry B.too heavy for me to carry it
C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry
15. Would you be ______ to do me a favour, please?
　A. so kind as . B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind
16. To learn to speak English well,_____.
A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice
C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice
17. Tom kept quiet about the aident ______ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
18. Last summer I took a course on ______ .
　A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made
　C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
19. The house is not large enough ____ .
A. to live in B. to be lived in C.to live D. for living
20. Nobody likes _____。
A. to speak ill of B. to be spoken ill of
C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of
21. I know him ______ a good football player while in college.　　
A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been
22. I was surprised______.
A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly
C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly
23. Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace Museum.
　A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering　　
24.I saw Mary ____ the house.
　A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into　　
C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into
25. Paul does nothing but _____ all day long.　
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
26. Now we could not do anything but ______ for him here.　　
A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait
27. I don't know her and I don't ______ .
A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want
28. ---- Go to the theatre with me, will you?
---- I should like ______, but I don't have time. 　　
A. to B. too C. to do D. to go to
29. To play fair is as important as ______.
A. to play well B. play　 well
30. It is the greatest happiness on earth ______.
　 A. loving and to be loved B. to love and loved
C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved
31. _____ is better to love than ___________ .
A. That, to be loved B. That, be loved
C. It, be loved D. It, to be loved
32. It's very foolish _____ it?
A. for you to say B. of you to say
C. with you saying D. in your saying
33. It ______ me two hours to find your new house.
A. cost B. took C. spent D. used
34. We did not expect our offer _____ so quickly.
A. rejected B. to reject . C. to be rejected D. rejecting
35. He told her ______ there at once.
A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get