高中英语必修3Unit3重点词语及短语解析(一)
详细内容
e back late.
玛丽的父亲不允许她晚归。
②permit + n. / pron.
I don’t permit cats in my kitchen.
我不允许猫进入厨房。
③permit + doing
We don’t permit smoking in the bus
我们不允许在公共汽车里吸烟。
(2) vi.容许
Weather permitting ( = If the weathe permits ), we’ll go camping.
如果天气允许的话,我们就去露营。
(3) n.执照,许可证
词语辨析:
permit 和allow的用法
①两者都能以名词或动词-ing形式作宾语,以不定式作宾补。通常可以互换。如:
We do not permit (allow) smoking in the office.
我们不允许在办公室里吸烟。
Mother wouldn’t permit (allow) her little daughter to go out at night.
妈妈不允许她的小女儿晚上出去。
②permit 表示“允许,许可”时语气较强,有赋予权利之意,常用于法律、规章、制度等方面。allow是常用语, 一般指听任或默认某人去做某事,仅仅表示不想妨碍之意。如:
The law permits the sale of such drugs.
法律允许出售这种药。
We can’t stand by and allow such a thing.
对这样的事我们不能袖手旁观。
allow 可用来表示客气的请求。如:
Will you please allow me to use your pen?
我可以用你的钢笔吗?
2.mind表示“介意;反对”时,常用于下列结构:
(1)mind (sb./sb.’s) doing something表示“介意或反对某人做某事”。如:
I don’t mind you/your closing the windows of the office.
我不会介意你关上办公室的窗户。
(2)Do you mind if+从句(谓语动词常用一般现在时)? 表示“你介意(某人做某事)吗?”。如:Do you mind if I smoke here?
你介意我在这里吸烟吗?
(3)would mind if+从句(谓语动词常用过去式),表示“如果……的话, 某人会介意的。” 如:
Would you mind if I smoked here?
你介意我在这里吸烟吗?
I wouldn’t mind at all if Alice didn’t answer my question.
如果艾丽丝不回答我的问题,我一点也不会介意的。
3.aount
(1) n. 叙述,报告;账目;账户
open an aount开账户
by/from all aounts据证,根据报道
by one’s own aount据某人自己所说
on aount of sth.因为/为了某事物
on no aount决不,切莫(放在句首时句子用倒装)
take aount of sth. /take sth. into aount考虑;体谅
You can open an aount with/at the Bank of China if you want to.
要是你愿意,你可以到中国银行去开一个账户。
She gave the police a full aount of the incident.
她向警方详尽地说明了事件的经过。
The diaries contained detailed aounts of the writer's experiences in China.
这些日记包括作者在中国的经历的详细说明。
(2)v.将……看作/视为
aount (to sb.) for sth.(对自己掌管的钱等)作出令人满意的交代
aount for sth.解释、说明某事
There’s no aounting for taste.人各有所好。
How do you aount for your foolish mistake?
你如何解释你那愚蠢的错误?
Careless driving aounts for many aidents.
粗心大意地驾驶导致许多事故的发生。
(3)aountant 会计,会计师
4. seek to do sth. (=try to do sth. /attempt to do sth.)企图做某事
To stay slim, girls are always seeking the most reasonable diet which will keep them in a good figure.
为了身材苗条,女孩子们总是在寻找能使她们身段窈窕的最合理的食品。
I have never sought to hide my views.
我从不企图隐瞒自己的观点。
He has been seeking for the true love he dreams of.
他一直在寻找他梦想中的真爱。
词语拓展:
manage to do sth.设法成功做成某事
seek for/after企图寻找……
seek through找遍
seek one’s advice征求某人的建议
seek one’s fortune寻找发财的机会,寻出路
seek fame追求名声
5.patience
(1) n. 耐性,,忍耐力
I have run out of patience pletely.
我已经完全失去了耐心。
(2) patient adj. 耐心的
She is very patient with these young children.
她对这些小孩非常有耐心。
I can’t be patient of your childish questions any more.
我再也不能忍受你那些幼稚的问题了。
(3)patiently adj耐心地。
She waited patiently for her turn.
她耐心地等着轮到自己。
词语拓展:
be out of patience with对……耐不住
have no/little patience with不能容忍
lose one’s patience with对……失去耐心
with patience耐心地
have patience with sb. /sth.对某人/某事有耐心
have patience for sth./to do sth.有做某事的毅力/恒心
lose one’s patience with sb./sth.失去对某人或某事的耐心
patiently adv.
with patience耐心地
be patient with sb./sth.对某人/某事有耐心
be patient of sth.能忍受某事,容许有某事
impatient adj.没有耐心的
impatiently adv.没有耐心地
6.bring up
(1) 培养,养育或教育某人
She brought up five children.
她养育了五个孩子。
Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
她出生后不久父母双亡,是由姑母养大的。
(2) 呕吐某物
Tom brought up his lunch.
汤姆把午饭吃的食物都吐了出来。
词语拓展:
bring about引起
bring along把……带来
bring back归还
bring down使倒下;降低;减少
bring in带进来;赚得,有收入
bring on使前进;使出现
bring out取出;说出;阐明;出版
7.go ahead
(1)向前走,走在前面
You go ahead and I’ll follow.
你在前面走,我跟着。
(2)进行,发生
Despite the bad weather, the match will go ahead.
尽管天气不好,比赛照常举行。
(3)开始做某事。常用于祈使句来回答别人的请求。
―May I start now? 我现在可以开始吗?
―Yes, go ahead.可以,开始吧。
词语拓展:
go ahead with sth.毫不迟疑地做某事
look ahead向前看
set the clock ahead把钟表的针向前拨
be ahead of times在时代的前列
ahead of在……之前;胜过;超过
get ahead进步;成功;胜过
8.stare at 凝视,盯着看
It’s rude to stare at others.
盯着别人看是没有礼貌的。
词语辨析:
glare at / stare at / glance at / look at
(1)glare at 强调“怒目而视”,非常地生气。
(2)stare at 强调不怀好意地“盯着看,凝视”
(3)glance at指“一瞥”,瞬间的动作。
(4)look at 表示普通的看的动作。
It’s not polite to stare at someone.
盯着某人看是不礼貌的。
Don’t look at me that way.
不要那样看我。
The old man glanced at the boy.
那老人看了男孩一眼。
9.spot
(1)作动词,意为“认出,发现,弄污玷污”。尤其指很难“认出,发现”。
The teacher spotted several spelling mistakes in my position.
老师在我的作文里发现了好几处拼写错误。
The windscreen was spotted with rain.
挡风玻璃被雨弄湿了。
(2)作名词,意为“斑点,污点,场所,少量”。
They find it a good spot for a house.
他们发现这是一个建房的好地方。
There are a lot of spots to visit in the old city.
这座古城有许多可供参观的名胜。
词语拓展:
a spot of leave短暂的休假
a scenic spot风景胜地
a historic spot古迹
off the spot不准确;离题;不机警
get oneself into a spot使自己陷入困境
upon/on the spot当场;在现场;立刻
put sb. on the spot使某人尴尬;使某人为难
be spotted with sth.满是……的斑点
句子解析
1. He is best known for his novels set in his boyhood world on the river.
句子解析:句中“set in …”是过去分词done作后置定语,修饰novels,相当于定语从句that are set in his boyhood world on the river.
短语解析:
be set in 以……为背景
The story is set in a hotel in Paris during the war.
这个故事是以战争年代的巴黎的一家酒店为背景的。
2. I wonder, Mr. Adams, if you’d mind us asking a few questions.
亚当斯先生,不知你是否介意我们问几个问题。
句子分析:I wonder whether ( if ) you…是表示委婉请求的句式,用于较为正式的场合,用来委婉客气地提出请求。译为:不知您是否……
I wonder whether they will arrive on time.
我不知道他们能不能准时到达。
1 wonder if you would give me some advice.
不知道你能否给我一些建议。
1 wonder whether you can help me.
不知道你能否帮我一下。
wonder后还可接what/when/how/why等引导的宾语从句,或what(why,where,whether)to do。
He wondered when they would start.
他想知道他们何时动身。
I wonder how you lost your way.
我纳闷你是怎么迷路的。
短语拓展:
wonder at sth. 对某物感到惊奇
It is no wonder(that)…No wonder (that)…难怪……
There is no question that.毫无疑问……
There is no doubt that…肯定……
There is no need to do sth.没必要做某事
3. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
快到黄昏的时候,我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了大海上。
句子结构分析:found myself carried out to sea反身代词myself作found的宾语;过去分词carried作宾语补足语。属于find+sb. / sth. +done的结构。
(1)find +宾语+形容词+不定式
The boy found the English novel difficult to read.
这个男孩发现这本小说很难读懂。
(2)find + it +形容词+不定式
I found it hard to get along with his brother.
我发现很难同他的兄弟相处。
(3)find+宾语+形容词 / 副词 /过去分词 /现在分词 / 介词短语
I found the job boring.
我发现这项工作令人厌烦。
He hurried to the store, only to find the door closed.
他匆忙赶到商店,发现门关着。
4. Yesterday when I was wandering on the pavement near a park, I met a neighbour by aident.
昨天我在公园附近的人行道上溜达的时候,碰巧遇见了一位邻居。
词语解析:
wander 游荡,漫游,闲逛
wander through the countryside 在野外闲逛
enjoy wandering in a strange town 喜欢逛陌生的小镇
She was wandering aimlessly up and down the road.
她在路上信步来回溜达。
Learning about language
单元语法点拨 宾语从句和表语从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫作名词性从句( Noun Clau-js)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、宾语从句
名词性从句在复合句中作谓语动词、非谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语时,称为宾语从句。运用宾语从句需注意以下几点:
1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句
连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。常用的动词有say,hope,hear,see,know,think, suppose, believe, agree, expect, feel, find, guess, mean, promise ,learn等。
His mother said (that) Saul Grant was a music critic.
他母亲说索尔•格兰特是个音乐评论家。
Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamp-•
科学家们猜想大型恐龙曾经栖居在沼泽地。
He has told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
他已经告诉我他明天要去上海了。
He said (that) he had been to Beijing.
他说他去过北京。
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