英语作文语言技能-全文结构
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英语作文语言技能全文结构
作文的基本格式一般为：（1）引言段(Introduction)，（2）正文段(Body)和（3）结尾段(Conclusion)。此节将以四级考试写作题型为框架，扼要地介绍各种题型的引言段、正文段和结尾段的结构和基本特点。
一、引言段
引言段用于确定文章的讨论范围并揭示文章主题，交代文章的写作目的。这一段往往用来表明作者的观点或看法，但要注意不应对主题深入讨论或阐述，否则后面的正文论述就会显得罗嗦。各类作文引言段示例：
1.主题句作文
TheRoleofputers
Theputerisagreatinventionofthiscentury.Eversincethefirstputerwasbroughtintobeing,thisinventionhasgreatlychangedourwaysofworkingandliving.Withoutputers,alotofthingswouldbeeimpossible.Theworldwouldnotbewhatitistoday.
2.提纲作文
OnChoosingCareer
(1)有些人认为家长有责任为孩子计划将来的职业;
(2)孩子们认为应该由自己决定将来从事的工作;
(3)谈谈你的看法。
Generallyparentsconsiderittheirresponsibilityplanningcareersfortheirchildren.Theyclaimthattheyknowtheirchildrenwellenoughtodecidewhatkindofjobssuitsthem.Hopingthattheirchildrenwillgoinforprofessionsthatwillbringthemprestigeandmoney,manyparentsthinkthattheirchildrenaretooyoungandinexperiencedtoseethisthemselves.Forthesereasons,manyparentsinsistthattheirchildrenshouldobeytheminchoosingcareers.
3.图表作文
mercial
14%Industry
Residential41%
19%
Transportation
26%
U.SENERGYUSE
EnergyUseintheU.S.A.
ThepiechartshowstheenergyuseintheUnitedStates.Fromthepiechart,wecanhaveanoverallunderstandingofthesituationofenergyuseintheUnitedStates.
4.看图作文
ThreeMonks
Havinghadahotquarrelaboutwhoshouldgotofetchwater,thethreemonksdroppedthebarrelandthepole,andsatdownontheflooroftheoldtemple,withtheirbackstoeachotherandnointentiontomove.
5.关键词作文
CityandCountryside
KeyWords:similarities,differences,environment,education,transportation,entertainment,colorful,boring,narrowthegap,publichealthservices
Althoughtherearesomesimilaritiesbetweenthecityandthecountryside,therestillexistgreatdifferencesbetweentheminthefollowingfields.
6.标题作文
ImportanceofEnglishWritingAbility
Insocialmunication,Englishwritingabilityhasbeemoreandmoreimportant.ScientistshavetowritetheirdiscoveriesinEnglishforpublication.SometimesstudentsarerequiredtowriteacoursepaperorapositioninEnglishtoshowwhattheyhavelearned.OtherpeopleneedtowriteanEnglishletterforbusinessorpersonalmatterstosomeoneinaforeigncountry.SoEnglishwritingabilityisnecessaryforusnow.
7.书信短文
ALetterofInvitation
DearMr.Higgins,
Wehavepleasureininvitingyoutoourannualconference.ThisyearitwillbetakingplaceattheMetropolisHotel,Brightonfrom24to28July.
二、正文段
正文段是文章的主体，用于对文章的主题进行论证和阐述。正文段可以是一段或几段，在四级考试中，正文段则一般以一至两段为宜，但无论几段，正文段都必须围绕主题展开。各类作文正文段示例：
1.主题句作文
TheRoleofputers
putersserveuseverywhere.Highupinspaceanddowndeepinocean,theyareusedtomakecourageousexplorations.Onfarmsandinfactories,theyhelpusdotiringanddifficultwork.Theytakeoverourroutineworkinofficeandathome.Thereisacleartendencyindicatingthattheywillplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinourworkandeverydaylife.
2.提纲作文
OnChoosingCareer
(1)有些人认为家长有责任为孩子计划将来的职业;
(2)孩子们认为应该由自己决定将来从事的工作;
(3)谈谈你的看法。
Butmanychildrensuggestthattheyshouldhavetheirfreedomtochoosetheircareers.Forohing,parentsandtheirchildrenmaynotsharethesameinterests.Ajobthatappealstoparentsisnotnecessarilyappealingtotheirchildren.Foranother,childrenastheyareintheirparents’eyes,theyaregrownupswhenitestofindingajob,andtherefore,theyshouldbeallowedtodevelopindependenceandself-reliance.Inshort,childrenshouldbeleftfreetomaketheirowndecisionsabouttheirfuturecareers.
3.图表作文
TheEnergyUseintheU.S.A.
Fromthepiechart,wecanseeclearlythattheAmericanenergyconsumptionisdividedintofourmajorparts,namely,residential,industry,mercialandtransportation.Industryconsumesthelargestportion,aountingfor41%.Transportationranksthesecond,makingup26%,whilethemercialuseandresidentialuseare14%and19%respectively.
4.看图作文
ThreeMonks
Infact,withabarrel,everyindividualcanfetchwater.Twomonkscanfetchwaterwitheveneasiersharedefforts.Butwiththreemonks,it’shardtofetchwaterbecauseonlytwoofthemareenoughandathirdoneisspared,whileeachonewantstobethethirdone,whichmakesthingsdifficult.Asaresult,withtheirenergysaved,theywouldgothirsty.
5.关键词作文
CityandCountryside
KeyWords:similarities,differences,environment,education,transportation,entertainment,colorful,boring,narrowthegap,publichealthservices
Generallyspeaking,theenvironmentisbetterinthecountryside.It’squieterandcleaner,andtheairisfresherthanthatinthecity.Ontheotherhand,peopleinthecitycangetbettereducation,moreentertainment,andfreepublichealthservices.Inaddition,transportationinthecityismoreconvenientthaninthecountryside.
6.标题作文
ImportanceofEnglishWritingAbility
IthinkthereareseveralwaysbywhichwecanimproveourwritinginEnglish.Oneisthatweshouldreadmore.WecanreadEnglishnewspapers,magazines,andtextbooks,andcopytheusefulsentencesandphrases.Second,weshouldwritemore,writingtoourfriendsinEnglishandwritingarticlesinEnglishtopublish.WecanalsokeepadiaryinEnglish.
7.书信短文
ALetterofInvitation
Lastyearyougaveaveryinterestingpresentationonthesubjectof“PurchasingHighTechnology”.Wewouldbeverygratefulifyouwouldconsidergivingusanupdateonthis.
三、结尾段
结尾段通常比较简洁，简述经过论证后的结论，使读者对文章主旨有一个完整的认识，加深读者的印象，做到首尾呼应。注意不要在结论段里提出新的问题或话题，但可以提出期望，也可以展望未来。各类作文结尾段示例:
1.主题句作文
TheRoleofputers
putersalsocausetrouble.Forexample,thewholesystemwillbreakdownwhenonlyanindividualputergoeswrong.Itispossiblesomebodybreaksintoaputersystemtostealsecretinformation.What’smore,putershavecreatedlotsofyoungfansthatgetsoaddictedtovideogamesthattheirstudyaswellashealthisunfavorablyaffected.
2.提纲作文
OnChoosingCareer
(1)有些人认为家长有责任为孩子计划将来的职业;
(2)孩子们认为应该由自己决定将来从事的工作;
(3)谈谈你的看法。
Inmyopinion,mutualunderstandingisimportantinthiscase.Ononehand,parents’viewsdoreflecttheirconcernforthewell-beingoftheirchildren.Ontheotherhand,itisthechildrenwhowillbedoingthejobs,nottheparents.Therefore,itiswiseofparentstogivetheirchildrenfreedomtomaketheirownchoicesanditisalsowiseofchildrentoconsulttheirparentswhenmakingdecisions.
3.图表作文
TheEnergyUseintheU.S.A.
Bystudyingthechart,wehavegotabasicunderstandingofthesituationofenergyuseintheUnitedStates,sothatwearenowacquaintedwiththesectorinAmericanlifethatconsumesthegreatestamountofenergy.
4.看图作文
ThreeMonks
Thestoryissimple,butwecanlearnalotfromit.Selfishnessissuchanevilgood-for-nothingthatitcanturneverybody’sresponsibilityintonobody’sresponsibility.Toachieveaomplishments,weneedteamworkandselflesscontribution.
5.关键词作文
CityandCountryside
KeyWords:similarities,differences,environment,education,transportation,entertainment,colorful,boring,narrowthegap,publichealthservices
Tosumup,lifeinthecityismorecolorful,whilelifeinthecountrysideismoreboring.Now,peopleareworkinghardtoreducethegap.
6.标题作文
ImportanceofEnglishWritingAbility
Inaword,moreandmoreimportanceisbeingattachedtoEnglishwritingability;therefore,wemustspendmoretimeimprovingourwritingskills.Solongaswepracticewritingandwritesomethingforrealpurposes,wewillbeabletoperfectourwritingabilityinEnglish.
7.书信作文
ALetterofInvitation
Wewouldappreciateitifyoucouldconfirmyourparticipationatyourearliestconvenience.
Yourssincerely
PMatthews
Conferenceanizer