观众对裁判的影响(The audience the impact of referee)

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liverpoolfanscelebrateatanfieldina2008filephoto.mostfootballfansinbritainbelievecrowdsinfluencereferees'decisionsduringmatches,aordingtoasurveyreleasedonthursday.

mostfootballfansinbritainbelievecrowdsinfluencereferees'decisionsduringmatches,aordingtoasurveyreleasedonthursday.thenationalpollof2,517fansconductedforthedanacentreatthesciencemuseuminlondonrevealedthat98percentoffansthinkcrowdshaveanimpactondecisions.morethanhalf,however,didnotthinkbiaswasaproblem.

whenaskedwhichfootballclubgetsthemostfavourablerefereeingdecisionsbecauseoftheircrowd,59percentsaidmanchesterunitedfollowedby15percentforchelsea,sevenpercentforarsenalandonepercentfornewcastle.butnewcastlefansthoughttheyexertedthemostinfluenceoverreferees."ibelievethatrefereesareinfluencedbyenvironmentalpressures--exactlyhowthathappensisinconclusive,"saidprofessoralannevilloftheuniversityofwolverhamptonwhohasstudiedsoercrowds.hisresearchshowedthatnoisehadanimpactondecisionsinfavourofthehometeam.

formerinternationalrefereedavidelleraydiscussedthefindingsofthesurveyonthursdayatascience-of-footballeventatthedanacentre.