讲话的类型(Types of Speech)

详细内容

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standardusageincludesthosewordsandexpressionsunderstood,used,andaeptedbyamajorityofthespeakersofalanguageinanysituationregardlessofthelevelofformality.assuch,thesewordsandexpressionsarewelldefinedandlistedinstandarddictionaries.

colloquialisms,ontheotherhand,arefamiliarwordsandidiomsthatareunderstoodbyalmostallspeakersofalanguageandusedininformalspeechorwriting,butnotconsideredappropriateformoreformalsituations.almostallidiomaticexpressionsarecolloquiallanguage.slang,however,referstowordsandexpressionsunderstoodbyalargenumberofspeakersbutnotaeptedasgood,formalusagebythemajority.colloquialexpressionsandevenslangmaybefoundinstandarddictionariesbutwillbesoidentified.bothcolloquialusageandslangaremoremoninspeechthaninwriting.

colloquialspeechoftenpassesintostandardspeech.someslangalsopassesintostandardspeech,butotherslangexpressionsenjoymomentarypopularityfollowedbyobscurity.insomecases,themajorityneveraeptscertainslangphrasesbutneverthelessretainsthemintheircollectivememories.

everygenerationseemstorequireitsownsetofwordstodescribefamiliarobjectsandevents.ithasbeenpointedoutbyanumberoflinguiststhatthreeculturalconditionsarenecessaryforthecreationofalargebodyofslangexpressions.first,theintroductionandaeptanceofnewobjectsandsituationsinthesociety;second,adiversepopulationwithalargenumberofsubgroups;third,associationamongthesubgroupsandthemajoritypopulation.

finally,itisworthnotingthattheterms"standard""colloquial"and"slang"existonlyasabstractlabelsforscholarswhostudylanguage.onlyatinynumberofthespeakersofanylanguagewillbeawarethattheyareusingcolloquialorslangexpressions.mostspeakersofenglishwill,duringappropriatesituations,selectanduseallthreetypesofexpressions.