汉语大全>八年级英语教案>八年级英语上册一至三单元知识点小结(2013版新目标英语)

八年级英语上册一至三单元知识点小结(2013版新目标英语)

详细内容

e to school?
(2) 情况如何(指身体健康状况) How are you?
(3) how many,how much表示“多少” how many后接可数名词复数,how much接不可数名词。How many times do you go to the park? How much are those pants?
(4)how many times 询问多少次,其答语表示次数。如:once twice,three times等
How many times do you go to the movies a month? About three times.
(5) How old...? 询问年龄 How old are you? I am five.
(6) How about…? ……如何? ……怎么样? How about going to the movies?
(7)how long 询问多长时间,其答语表示一段时间,如:for two days,for three hours等。
How long will it take to get to the station? About half an hour。
(8)how soon 用来询问过多久,多久以后,其答语是in two hours,in three days等。
How soon wil he e back? In an hour。
4. be free意为“有空”是形容词,其反义词为“be busy”。free的另一种意思是“自由的;不受约束的”,其名词形式为freedom。还有一个意思是“免费的”,如:They enjoy free medical care. 他们享受免费医疗。
5. be full 意为“满的;忙的”是形容词,其反义词有:
full(满的)―― empty(空的),full(饱的)――hungry(饿的)。如:
I am full, so I don’t want anything.
我饱了,所以我不想要了。
6. eat breakfast意为“吃早饭”同义词组为 have breakfast,其中间不加冠词,但当三餐前有形容词修饰时,要加不定冠词 a 或an。如: have a big dinner 吃一顿丰盛的晚餐

want+名词 想要 如:I want a job. 我想要一份工作。
want to do sth. 想要做某事 Do you want to go to the movies with me? 你想和我一起去看电影吗?
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事 I want you to help me with my math. 我想要你帮我学数学。
7.She says it’s good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。
(1)be good for意思是“对……有好处”。如:
▲ Doing exercise is good for our health. 进行锻炼对我们的身体有好处。
【辨析】:be good for, be good at 与be good to
be good for意思是“对……有益”。如:
▲ Watching TV too much is not good for your health.
看电视太多对你的身体没有好处。
be good at意思是“擅长于……”。如:
▲ He is good at playing football. 他擅长踢足球。
be good to意思是“对……好”。如:
▲ The old woman is good to us. 那个老太太对我们很好。

(2)health是一个名词,意思是“健康”,它的形容词形式是healthy,意思是“健康的”。如:
▲ My grandmother is over 80 years old, but she is very healthy. 我奶奶八十多岁了,但她非常健康。
▲ We should keep in good health.我们要保持健康。://ww w.xkb 1.
8. ask sb. to do 叫…做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
ask sb. about sth. 问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities.
ask sb. for help 向某人求助 如:ask teacher for help 向老师寻求帮助
9. go online意为“上网”,其同义词为“use the Inter”。
10. help with sth. 如:They help with this problem.
help sb. do. 如:They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松
11. at least 最少 原形little 比较级less 最高级least
如:we should sleep at least 8 hours.我们至少得睡8个小时。
12. be surprised 意为“惊讶” 构成的短语有
be surprised to do sth
惊讶做某事
be surprised that + 从句
to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 如:
to their surprise 令他们惊讶的是 to Li Lei’s surprise令李雷惊讶的是
13. stay up 熬夜如:I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。
14. although为连词,意思是“尽管;虽然”,表示转折关系,同义词有though。
与but作用相同,但是用法不同。特别注意英、汉在此意义上的表达区别:汉语中经常说“虽然……但是……”,但在英语中,although和but不能同时使用,即“虽然”和“但是”只能用其一。如:
▲ Although I get up early, I can’t catch the early bus.
  = I get up early, but I can’t catch the early bus. 尽管我起得很早,但还是没有赶上早班车。
I don’t pass the exam, although I study every hard. =I study very hard, but I don’t pass the exam.
尽管我努力学习,但考试还是没有及格。
想类似的还有because跟so,用了because就不能再用so了。如:
I didn’t have supper, because I had a stomacheache.
= I had a stomacheache, so I didn’t have supper.
我没有吃饭,因为胃疼。
15. The best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 原形good 比较级better 最高级best 如:
I think the best way to relax is to listen to music. 我认为最好的休闲方式是听音乐。

Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister
1.He has shorter hair than Sam. 他的头发比萨姆的短。
than 比……(用于形容词,副词的比较级之后)
当两个人或者物进行比较时,要用形容词的比较级。“比较级 + than” 表示“比......更......”。一般形容词或副词的比较级是在词后加-er。但要注意比较的对象。如:
I am taller than Jim. 我比吉姆高。
His hair is shorter than Sam’s. 他的头发比萨姆的短。
This book is more interesting than that one.这本书比那本书有趣。
形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:1)原级(不作比较),修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really;
2)比较级,表示“较……”或“更……”的意思(两者之间进行比较), 标志词than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词much,a lot,a little;
3)最高级,表示“最……”的意思(三者或三者以上作比较),形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带in(of)短语来什么比较的范围。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化:
构 成 方 法 原 级 比 较 级最 高 级
单音
节词
和部
分双
音节
词一般在词尾加-er或-esthigh
shorthigher
shorter highest
shortest
以字母e词尾的词,加-r或-stlate
finelater
finest latest
finest
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写辅音字母,再加-er或-esthot
big
thin
fathotter
bigger
thinner
fatterhottest
biggest
thinnest
fattest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把“y”改为“i”,再加
-er或-est funny
easy
early
funnier
easier
earlier
funniest
easiest
earliest

多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加more或mostbeautiful
athletic
outgoingmore beautiful
more athletic
more outgoingmost beautiful
most athletic
most outgoing
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化:
原 级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far
farther(更远)
further(更深远) farthest(最远)
furthest(最深远)
2. 反意疑问句
  ①肯定陈述句+否定提问 如:Lily is a student, isn’t she?
Lily will go to China, won’t she?
②否定陈述句+肯定提问 如:She doesn’t e from China, does she?
You haven’t finished homework, have you?
  ③提问部分用代词而不用名词如:Lily is a student, isn’t she?
  ④陈述句中含有否定意义的词,如little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如:He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语,不是吗? They hardly understood it, did they? 他们几乎不明白,不是吗?
3. No,I am a little taller than her.
a little, much a lot a bit ,far,any,no等可以+比较级
4.Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力。
“...(not)as + 形容词或副词原级+ as...”是一种原级比较,意思为“......和......(不) 一样”。
1)...not as + 形容词或副词原级+ as...表示双方在某个方面不同。如:
His English is not as good as hers. 他英语不如她的好。
He doesn’t work as hard as his brother. 他没有他哥哥工作努力。
2)as + 形容词或副词原级+ as 表示双方在某个方面一样。如:
She is as tall as me. 她跟我一样高。
I run as fast as he does. 我跑得跟他一样快。
5. 辨析beat/win
相同点:都是动词,表示“赢”
不同:beat+人/win+比赛,竞赛,战争等名词。 如:
We played very well, and beat them. 我们发挥得很好,击败了他们。
They won the match this time. 这次他们赢了这场比赛。
6. care about意为“关心;在意”,期中care是动词 如:
We should care about the old people.我们应该关心老年人。
care for表示“喜欢”,“关心”之意,后接名词或v-ing形式作宾语,take care of也有这个意思。
He cared nothing for skating. 他对滑冰没有兴趣。
In our class, we care for each other. 在我们班上,我们相互关心。
Maria takes good care of everybody. 玛丽亚很关心大家。
【友情链接】care for还可以表示“照顾”,“照料”,相当于take care of或look after。
At night he fed and cared for the cattle. 夜里他照料牲口,给牲口喂食。
You must care for yourselves.
=You must look after yourselves.
你们要照顾好自己。
The children are well cared for in the nurseries.
=The children are taken good care of in the nurseries.
孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。
7.I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友能使我开心。
牢记:make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
make+宾语+形容词 使某人/某事怎样 如:
Our teacher makes us work ten hours a day 我们老师让我们一天学习10个小时。
His words make us happy. 他的话使我们感到很高兴。
8.laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人) 如:Don’t laugh at me! 不要取笑我!
9. They’re both tall. 他们两个都是高个子。
both adj./pron./adv. 两个都……
用在be 动词后,行为动词前。 Y ou are both too young./They both speak English.
Both of …..+名词复数(复数谓语) Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。
both…and…两者都……(复数谓语) 反义词组:neither…nor…两者都不……(谓语单复数按照就近原则)
【友情链接】 both 与 all
both 指代两者; all指代三者或三者以上 如:
My parents are both fine。 我父母都好。
We are all here。 我们都在这儿。
10. be ike意为“像”,这里的like是介词。如:
She is like her mother 。 她长得像他妈妈。
like 做动词,意为“喜欢”,构成短语
like sth. 喜欢某物
like sb. 喜欢某人
like to do sth.
喜欢做某事 如:I like to have friends who are like me. 我喜欢交像我一样的朋友。
like diong sth.
11. need 是动词,需要。
need sth.需要…… Plant needs water。
need to do sth. 需要做…… You didn’t need to tell him the news,it just made him sad
need doing sth.=need to be done 需要被怎么样 Flowers need watering。
【拓展】need作情态动词时,后面+动词原形,意思是必要,必须。这时need多用于疑问句,否定句或条件状语从句中。如:
You needn’t talk so loud. 你不必这么大声说话。
11. As long as 只要;既然。如:You don’t need a lot of friends as long as they’re good.
你不需要很多朋友,只要他们好就可以了。
12.It’s not necessary to be the same.完全一样是没有必要的。
It’s+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth. It是形式主语,to do sth.是真正主语。意为“某人做某事怎么样”如:It is easy for me to make friends. 我交朋友很容易。
13.My friend is the same as me.我的朋友和我一样。
be the same as… “和……一样”。反义词组:be different from…“ 与.......不同的” 如:
My bike is different from yours.= My bike is not the same as yours. 我的系行车和你的不一样。
14. serious 意为“严肃的;认真的;严重的”
be serious about sth. 如:
He was serious about the matter. 他对那件事很认真。
be serious with sb. 如:
There’s nothing much serious with you. 对你来说没那么严重。
15. touch one’s heart 感动某人
16. be talented in music 有音乐天赋
17. However 意为“然而;但是”,表示转折关系,与but意义相同,但but一般谓语句首,而however比较正式,可位于句首、句中或句末,且常用都好隔开。如:
You didn’t finish your homework. You can, however, do it now. 你还没有完成家庭作业,但是现在你可以写了。
18. hard-working意为“努力的”其比较级为 more hard-working 意为“更努力”,less hard-working 意为“不努力”。
19. be similar to...意为“与......相似”。(注意与 be the same as 区别)如:
My pen is similar to yours. 我的钢笔和你的相似。