汉语大全>临床医学论文>婴幼儿温-冷-温停博液灌注心肌的临床研究(一)

婴幼儿温-冷-温停博液灌注心肌的临床研究(一)

详细内容

作者:张鲁英,姜冠华,张广福,梁家立

【关键词】 温血诱导停搏

摘要:目的 观察32℃新鲜氧合血行温血诱导停搏和终末温血再灌注对心肌保护的影响。 方法 婴幼儿法洛四联症根治术64例,随机分为:温血组32例(温血诱导停搏后改用冷血灌注+终末温血灌注);冷血组32例(冷晶体诱导停搏后改用冷血灌注)。分别观察主动脉开放后心脏复跳和最初心律。结果 温血组全部自动复跳;冷血组自动复跳率为71.88%(P0.05),且最初心律失常率28.12%(P0.05)。结论 温血诱导停搏和终末温血再灌注利于心肌保护。

  关键词:温血诱导停搏;终末温血灌注;心肌保护;山莨菪碱

  Clinical Study of Warm-Cold-Warm Perfusion on Myocardial Protection

  Abstract: OBJECTIVETo study the effect of warm-blood induced cardiac arrest and end perfusion with 32°C fresh oxygenated blood .METHODS 64 infants undergoing radical correction of Tetralogy of Fallot were randomly classified into 2 groups:warm group and cool group, with 32 infants in each group. In the warm group,cardiac arrest was induced with warm-blood cardioplegia,and then, the hearts were perfused with cool blood. Before removing the X-clamp, warm blood was again used for the last infusion.In the cool group,by contrast cold crystalloid cardioplegia was used to induce cardiac arrest with no and on final warm blood infusion. The incidence of defibrillation and ourrence of arrhythmia wsa recorded after off-clamps. RESULTS Defibrillation was not necessary in the warm group,and the incidence of defibrillation in the cool group was 28.12%(P0.05); In the warm group, all infants resumed their sinus rhythm, while the incidence of ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmia was 28.12%(P0.05)in the cool group. CONCLUSION Warm-blood induced cardiac arrest with a final infusion of warm blood was advantageous for myocardial protection in cardiac surgery.

  Key words:warm blood;cool blood;cardiac arrest; myocardial protection; anisodamine

  婴幼儿复杂型心脏病由于病情重,手术时间长及心内回血多等特点,用常温体外循环影响术野清晰,而用冷血灌注可产生心脏冷挛缩等不利影响。我们用32 °C新鲜氧合血行温血诱导心脏停搏和终末温血灌注,以加强心肌保护,取得良好效果。

  1 材料与方法

  1.1 病例选择

  本组共64例,年龄均3岁行法洛四联症根治术的婴幼儿。随机分为两组。温血组用温血诱导停搏后改为冷血灌注+终末温血灌注;冷血组用冷晶体诱导停搏后改为冷血灌注。一般临床资料见表1。表1 一般临床资料 (略)注:LVDEVI为超声心动图测定的左室舒张末期容量指数。

  1.2 实验方法

  温血组用的是“温-冷-温”方法。常规转流阻断升主动脉后,即用温血(32℃)高钾停搏液(稀释氧合血100ml,K+28mmol/L)诱导停搏,用量5~7ml/kg。心脏停搏后即改用冷血灌注8~10ml/kg,每20min灌注5~10ml/kg。主动脉开放前,行终末温血灌注(稀释氧合血100ml+普鲁卡因1.465mmol/L+山莨菪碱10mg,K+8mmol/L),用量5~7ml/kg。冷血组用4℃高钾晶体液灌注使心脏停搏后即改用冷血灌注,用量首次剂量10~15ml/kg。每20min灌注5~10ml/kg。两组停搏液灌注速度均为150~200ml/min。在主动脉开放时从氧合器内采血测血气和钾浓度,并记录鼻咽温度,观察记录最初心律,允许异常节律持续2~3min,如未发生转复行电击除颤。临床比较两组自动复跳率、电击除颤率、加用抗心律失常药及术后低心排综合征发生率。并取右心室流出道肌肉各10例,置戊二醛中固定,行心肌超微结构电子显微镜下观察。

  1.3 统计学处理

  计量资料采用t检验和计数资料采用x2检验,以P0.05为具有统计学差异。

  2 结果

  2.1 两组主动脉开放时对最初心律有影响的动脉血气和钾浓度及鼻咽温度各参数间无明显差异,见表2。表2 血气和钾浓度及鼻咽温度参数( ±SD)

  2.2 两组主动脉开放后心脏复跳和心律失常用药见表3。表3 心脏复跳和心律失常用药比较 (略)注:* 与冷血组比较P0.05。

  2.3 心肌超微结构改变,见图1-2。