冰冻机采血小板的疗效研究(一)
详细内容
作者:温秀明,何春辉,詹卓玲
【关键词】 血小板;冰冻;血小板疗效;冰冻血小板
〔摘 要〕 目的:研究冰冻机采血小板的疗效。方法:研究龙岗区各医院输注冰冻机采血小板的患者,计输血小板前、后1 h和24 h血小板值,算出血小板增值(I);对治疗性输注冰冻机采血小板的患者,检测其输血小板前和后1 h的出血时间。以输注新鲜机采血小板的患者作对照。结果:预防性输注血小板的患者,1 h I>7.5×109/L的例数,输注冰冻机采血小板组92.3%(36/39),输注新鲜机采血小板组95.2%(40/42),两组比较差别无显著性(χ2=0.297,P>0.05);24 h I>4.5×109/L的例数,输注冰冻机采血小板组46.2%(18/39),输注新鲜机采血小板组90.5%(38/42),两组比较差别有显著性(χ2=18.60,P0.01);用于治疗性输注时,在输注血小板前,两组出血时间差别无显著性(t=0,P>0.05),输注后1 h两组出血时间差别有显著性(t=2.447,P0.01)。结论:冰冻机采血小板预防性输注效果不佳,而用于治疗性输注时效果优于新鲜机采血小板。
〔关键词〕 血小板;冰冻;血小板疗效;冰冻血小板
Research into the Therapeutic Effect of the Frozen Blood Platelet
Abstract:Objective To research the therapeutic effect of the frozen blood platelet.Methods Patients were transfused with platelet in Longgang district various hospitals,were counted before and after transfusion platelet 1 h and 24 h platelet,by which to figure out the corrected count increment (I);Patients with therapeutic transfusion were examined before transfusion platelet and the latter 1 h hemorrhage time.Patients were transfused with fresh platelet as control.Results Patients with preventive transfusion were examined the percentage of 1 h I>7.5×109/L,the group transfused with frozen platelet were 92.3% (36/39),the group transfused with fresh platelet were 95.2% (40/42),difference of the two groups was not obvious (χ2=0.297,P>0.05);their percentages of 24 h I>4.5×109/L were 46.2%(18/39) and 90.5%(38/42),difference of them was obvious (χ2=18.60,P0.01);in the group with therapeutic transfusion hemorrhage,the hemorrhage time of the two groups before transfusion took on obvious difference(t=0,P>0.05),1 h hemorrhage time of the two groups after transfusion show that difference was obvious(t=2.447,P0.01).Conclusion The preventive effect of fresh platelet was not to be good,the therapeutic effect of frozen platelet was superior to fresh platelet.
Key words:Platelet;Frozen;The therapeutic effect of platelet;Frozen platelet
输注血小板是预防和治疗血小板减少或血小板功能缺陷患者出血的主要方法之一。近年来,随着输血技术水平的不断提高,临床对血小板需求不断增加,然而新鲜血小板采用专用保存仪保存,有效期仅为7 d(实为5 d内输用),并且采集检验费时,往往急需时难于获得,现血站与医院存在较大的供求矛盾。为解决矛盾,深圳市血液中心采用冰冻机采血小板的辅助输注方式,然而冰冻机采血小板确切疗效如何,国内外文献报道不多。本课题对龙岗区各医院输注冰冻机采血小板的患者进行研究,以期获得冰冻机采血小板临床治疗效果,达到指导临床合理用血的目的。现报告如下。
1 材料与方法
1.1 临床资料 对龙岗区各医院首次需要输注血小板的139例患者进行追踪研究。输注冰冻机采血小板有70例,其中男38例,女32例,年龄13岁~82岁,平均年龄35.5岁,冰冻机采血小板应用于治疗性输注31例(其中创伤性急性大出血病例19例,产科DIC或大出血患者4例,消化道大出血8例);用于预防性输注39例。输注新鲜机采血小板的有69例,其中男35例,女34例,年龄14岁~76岁,平均年龄35.2岁,用于治疗性输注27例(其中创伤性急性大出血病例15例,产科DIC或大出血患者2例,消化道大出血10例);用于预防性输注42例。所有病例输注血小板前均无远期输血史。血站关于血小板的供应原则,当临床急需血小板时,先发新鲜机采血小板,无法供应时,再发冰冻机采血小板。
1.2 新鲜机采血小板 深圳市龙岗区血站和市血液中心提供,每一治疗量含血小板2.5×1011个。采用血小板专用保存仪于(22±2)℃轻振荡保存,5 d有效期内输注。
1.3 冰冻机采血小板 市血液中心提供,采用二甲亚砜(DMSO)作防冻剂,标准方法采集和冻存,于-80 ℃专用超低温冰柜保存,在有效期1 a内使用,每1治疗量含血小板2.5×1011个。用时,43 ℃水浴快速解冻,冻融后90 min内以患者可耐受的最快速度输注完。
1.4 血小板输注指征 一般当血小板计数20×109/L时输注;对于治疗性输注组,血小板计数50×109/L输注。
1.5 输注效果评价 计数血小板输注前和输注后1 h和24 h的患者血小板数,计算出I值。血小板输后1 h I>7.5×109/L、24 h I>4.5×109/L为血小板输注有效〔1〕。